Banana yield per acre – How to do Easy Banana Farming step by step
Banana yield per acre | farming banana – This article covers Banana farming Methods, banana plant care, and harvesting & Production of Banana Farming.
Significance of Banana | farming banana
Banana is one of the healthy and Beneficially important fruits all over Countries. Banana covers 20-25% of the total area under the crop in Our Country. Most of the bananas are grown through absorbent farming. The development of technology in the field of agriculture is very rapid, resulting in the development of tissue culture techniques.
Tissue culture bananas are very tasty. The arms of the bunches are well spaced and perpendicular to the figures, large in size. Banana Fruit develops attractive Different colors like green, Yellow, parrot green, etc with long life and quality comparable to other varieties.
Various Varieties of Banana | banana yield per acre
In most countries, banana Collection is under different conditions and production structures. In the banana farm, is the collection of different varieties based on a large number that meets a wide variety of needs and environments. . Almost 20 species viz. Dwarf Cavendish, Robusta, Manthan, Poovan, Nendran, Red Banana, Nyali, Safed Velchi, Basrai, Ardhapuri, Rasthali, Karpoorvalli, Karthali and Grandnen etc
Best season for banana Where you can plant:-
Tissue Culture Banana can be cultivated throughout the year if the temperature is very low or high. The facility of a drip irrigation system is important. There are two most important seasons for bananas in Maharashtra, India.
Mrig Bagh (Kharip) Planting Month June – July. Kandebag (Rabi) Cultivation Month October-November.
Climatic conditions for banana cultivation:
Bottomless, rich loam soils with a pH between 7 – 8 are most preferred for banana cultivation. The soil for bananas should be well-drained, with adequate fertility and moisture. Hard saline, calcareous soils are not suitable for banana Farming. A soil rich in organic matter with high nitrogen content, adequate phosphorus levels, and plenty of potash, not too acidic or alkaline, is much better for bananas.
Banana, basically a tropical crop, grows best in a temperature range of 17°C – 38°C with comparative moisture of 80-85%. It prefers tropical humid lowlands and is grown at an altitude of 2500m above sea level. The maximum wind speed has more than 85 km/h. Damages to crops and terrifying injury happen at temperatures below 15°C. The four months of monsoon (June to September) average 700-850 mm. at higher altitudes, Rainfall is most important for the dynamic growth of bananas.
Appropriate Soil Banana Farming:
In banana farming, Soils that are not too acidic and not alkaline, have adequate phosphorus, plenty of potash, and are rich in organic matter with high nitrogen content are good for bananas. Also, the soil for bananas should be well drained, and have sufficient fertility and moisture. . A bottomless, rich loamy soil with a pH between 6-8 is most preferred for banana cultivation. Heavy black cotton escapes lowland soils, poorly drained and very sandy. Hard saline, calcareous types of soil are not good & Suitable for banana Farming.
Land preparation for banana Farming:
Green manure crops like cowpea, cowpea, etc. should be applied before banana planting. Grow and bury in the ground. The land can be leveled by investing 3-4 times. During soil preparation, a basal dose of cow dung is added and thoroughly mixed with the soil. Generally, a pit size of 3 feet is required.
The pits are to be filled with topsoil mixed with 12 kg of cow dung (well rotted), 250 g of emboli meal, and 20 g of carbofuran. When the prepared pits are exposed to solar radiation, it helps kill harmful insects, is effective against soil-borne diseases, and aids in aeration. In saline-alkali soils where the PH is greater than 8, the potting mix should be amended to include organic matter.
Another option to plant in pits is planting in furrows. Depending on the soil level, one can choose the right method as well as the distance and depth at which the plant needs to be planted.
Planting Materials for Banana Crop:
- SUCKERS
- MICRO PROPAGATED PLANTS
- MACRO PROPAGATED PLANTS
- BANANA’S SEED
Most 70-80% of farmers are using absorbents as planting material while the remaining 30-40% of farmers are using tissue culture plants. Actively growing cone-shaped buds and well-developed cone-shaped, conical, or spherical buds weighing about 450-700 g are usually used as broadcast material.
In banana farming, suckers can commonly be infected with some pathogens and nematodes. Also, due to differences in the age and size of the suckers, the crop is not uniform, prolonging harvest and making management difficult. Therefore, in-vitro clonal propagation i.e. tissue culture is recommended for planting seedlings. They are healthy, Easy to Digest, early Producers, and uniform in growth.
Farming Methods of Banana | yield of banana per acre:
Pit planting is generally implemented in the garden planting Method at a 150cm pit. Small pits are dug if there are pits and ditches. The pits are to be filled with topsoil mixed with 12 kg of cow dung,0.25kg of emboli meal, and 18-20g of carbofuran.
Pits equipped for solar radiation are kept open for 25 days, allowing all insects, soil-borne diseases, and air to play before replenishing plants are planted in pits 0.02 m under the ground level. Escape bottomless planting. after planting Watered to Plant is Compulsory. Absorbents are placed in the center of the pit and the instant soil is compressed.
Irrigation System in the cultivation of banana
Banana is one of the plants that require more water compared to other Plant. It Should Water the plants immediately after planting. But banana roots are Less water absorbent. So As per Water Conditions, banana production should be supported by efficient irrigation Methods like drip irrigation. As Per Agriculture Studies, the water requirement of bananas is 2000 mm per year. The use of drip irrigation and mulching technology has improved water use efficiency.
Irrigation Method Provide adequate water and maintain field capacity. Excessive irrigation will cause congestion in the root zone as it removes air from the soil pores, affecting plant establishment and growth. And hence drip method is essential for proper water management in bananas.
Benefits of tissue culture planting material | banana crop yield per acre:
- Planting is possible throughout the year as seedlings are available throughout the year.
- Uniform growth, income increases.
- There is no steady harvest.
- True to the type of mother plant under Better organization.
- Fast development & Early harvesting.
- Pest and disease-free plants.
- Two successive returns are possible in a short period of time which reduces the cost of cultivation.
- Production Available throughout the year.
- Early maturity of crop – Maximum land utilization is possible in low landholding countries like India.
- Most of 100% of plants have collections.
Content of Fertilizers and Production grows 30-35% by using fertigation Banana Plants:
Bananas Plants Require Fertilization & It gives a lot of nutrition, which is regularly only provided by the soil & It gives well respond to the nutrient application. The banana crop Needs 8-10 kg of nitrogen, 0.9- 1.5 kg of phosphorus, and 18-25 kg of K per metric ton of Production. Nutrient requirements formulated on a research basis should be 20-25% kg of cow dung and 250 g of nitrogen.
To avoid nutrient losses from conventional fertilizers, i.e. losses through leaching, volatilization, volatilization, and immobilization of P and K in the soil, application of water-soluble or liquid fertilizers through drip irrigation (fertigation) is encouraged. Production grows 30-35% by using fertigation. Also, it saves labor and time and ensures uniform distribution of nutrients.
Weeding of banana trees
Weed management involves removing weeds that compete with the banana plant for resources and favor the development of parasites. Weed control is especially important during the first few months after planting when banana plants are small and shade is limited. In commercial plantations where banana plants are grown in open ground, ground seeding can reduce the use of herbicides.
- Micronutrient foliar spray: A combination of ZnSo4 (0.5%), FcSo4 (0.2%), CuSo4 (0.2%), and H3Bo3 (0.1%) can be applied to foliar to improve the morphological, physiological and yield characteristics of banana. The micronutrient spray solution is prepared by dissolving the following in 100-150 liters. of water, Zinc Sulphate – 600 g – For every 10 liters of mixture 10-12 ml of sticker solution such as Teepol should be added before spraying.
- Ferrum Sulphate – 300g- For every 10 liters of mixture 5-10ml of sticker solution such as Teepol should be added before spraying. Copper – 250g – For every 15 liters of a mixture, 10-20 ml of sticker solution such as Teepol should be added before spraying.
- Propping: The weight of the bunch overbalances the plant and can cause the bearing plant to pile up and adversely affect yield and quality. So with the help of two bamboos, they should be placed opposite the stalks on the inclined side to form a triangle. This also helps in the uniform development of the bunch.
- Removal of false hands of the bunch: There are some imperfect hands in the bunch which are not suitable for quality production. These hands should be removed immediately after flowering. This helps to improve the weight of other arms. Sometimes the arm just above the false arm is also removed.
- Bunch spraying: Spraying of monocrotophos (0.2%) takes care of thrips after all hands appear. Thrips outbreak fades the fruit skin and makes it ugly.
- Bunch Covering: Bunch covering using dried plant leaves is economical and protects the bunches from direct sunlight. The fruit quality increases due to the covering of the bunch. But this practice should be avoided during the rainy season.
Banana Harvesting Process:
Bananas should be harvested at the stage of physical maturity for good post-harvest quality. The fruit is climacteric and may reach the consumption stage after the ripening operation
- Maturity guides: These are established on the basis of fruit size, angularity, grade or diameter of the second-hand median figure, starch content, and a number of days elapsed after flowering. Market preferences may also affect the decision to harvest partially or fully mature fruit.
- Bunch exclusion: The bunch should be harvested 30 cm above the first arm with a sharp sickle when the figure of the second arm is 3/4 round from the top. Harvesting may be delayed up to 100-110 days after the opening of the first arm. After harvesting, bunches should be kept away from light as they accelerate ripening and softening.
- For local consumption, hands are often left on the stalks and sold to retailers. For export, hands are cut into units of 4-16 fingers, graded for both length and girth, and carefully placed in poly-lined boxes to hold varying weights as per export requirements.
Banana Production | banana yield per acre,banana crop yield per acre,yield of banana per acre
Harvesting for The Banana plants is done in 12-13 months. It depends on how we managed. The first crop will be ready to harvest in 10 months and the second ratoon crops will be ready to harvest in the next 9-10 months.
Costs and Profits in Banana Cultivation | banana yield per acre
About 1500 plants are planted per acre in banana cultivation, which means Rs. 40000-50000; You only have to spend on plants.
Meanwhile around Rs. 1-2 lakhs per acre amount spent on plant management & care. It will cost around 1.5-2 lakhs rupees to plant bananas on one acre for the next 13-14 months Also, 30-45 kg of bananas are produced per plant.
It depends on how you have been taking care of these banana plants. In this way, about 50-55 tons of bananas are produced from one acre. These bananas are sold at 25 to 50 rupees per kg.
let’s take an average price of Rs 37, you will get Rs 19 lakh 24 Thousand. After deducting all expenses, you will get a Net profit of Rs 16 lakh 24 Thousand.
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